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Chapter 7 - Kinetic Model or Matter



Solid

Properties:
-Fixed shape & volume
-Hard & Rigid
-High Density
-Incompressible

-Particles are closely packed in a regular pattern, occupying minimum space resulting in solids having high densities.
-Particles also vibrate about fixed positions as they are held in position by very strong intermolecular bonds. This is why solids have a fixed volume and shape.

Liquid

Properties:
-Fixed volume but does not have a fixed shape
-High density
-Incompressible

-Particles of liquid are randomly arranged with particles slightly further apart then solids, therefore, this results in liquid having relatively high densities.
-The particles are free to move about but is confined within the vessel containing it & have attractive forces between the particles. Therefore liquids have fixed volumes but no fixed shape.

Gas

Properties:
-No fixed shape & volume
-Low density
-Compressible

-Particles are very far apart & are randomly arranged, occupying any available space, therefore, gases have very low density
-The particles of gas have very little attraction between them & move about randomly at very high speed. This explains why gases have no fixed volume, shape and is compressible.

Brownian motion
-is the random/irregular motion of smoke particles in air
-only occurs in fluids (any substance that is able to flow/has particles that can move freely)
-Higher the temperature, the motion of smoke particles will be come more vigorous. Therefore, we can conclude that air molecules have greater speed at higher temperatures.

java applet -->Brownian Motion